Application of Evidence-Based Nursing in The Preoperative Phase in Cardiac Surgery Patients To Optimize Physical and Psychological Preparation: Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction : Heart surgery patients need optimal physical and psychological conditions before surgery. This study aimed to explore nursing interventions to prepare the physical and psychological patients for preoperative phase cardiac surgery so that it can be a guide in improving the quality of care and clinical outcomes.

Method: This study used the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines with Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Proquest databases.

Results: The results of the study found six types of interventions, namely preoperative education, inspirational muscle training, use of technology and educational media, operating room nurse visits, music and relaxation interventions, and discharge education.

Conclusion:  Interventions to prepare heart surgery patients in the preoperative phase do not only focus on the physical aspects, but a holistic approach that includes knowledge, physical exercise, psychological support, and the use of technology needs to be improved and developed to optimize overall patient readiness.